Glossary

Successful collaboration begins with a shared language, hence the need for a glossary. This joint effort of contributors from several teams ensures, on the one hand, terminological and conceptual coherence across not only our theoretical approaches, but also the qualitative case studies and quantitative research conducted in OPPORTUNITIES. On the other hand, our glossary facilitates communication between the academic side of the project and the fieldwork conducted by NGOs, uniting our teams working from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Mauritania, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania and Senegal.

For more information about the Structure and Objectives of the Glossary, click here...)

Established legal terms, often with alternative definitions.

All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Term	Definition
Forced migration or displacement	The term forced migration – or forced displacement – refers to those who had to leave their place of usual residence under duress of war, conflict, natural or environmental disasters. For more details, see the entry on the term in the Migration Data Portal. ⇢ see also: Asylum; Asylum seeker, Migrant, Migration References and further reading: The International Organization for Migration. 2021. “Forced Migration or Displacement.” Migration Data Portal. URL: https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/forced-migration-or-displacement. Work Package: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [MM]
Freedom of movement	In international migration literature, freedom of movement refers to an individual’s right to freely leave (and return to) a country and enter another country under some kind of bilateral or multilateral agreement (as in the ECOWAS or the EU). According to Article 2(5) of the Schengen Borders Code, EU citizens and legally resident third-country nationals – i.e., nationals of a country which is not a member state of the EU (see the EMN Glossary; entry on “third country”) – enjoy the right to move freely across boundaries of European Member States and to reside in other EU Member States than their home country or country of legal residence (see also the EMN Glossary; entry on “right to free movement”). In the framework of the ECOWAS Protocol, freedom of movement refers to a person’s ability to move within a specific territory as he or she has the right to leave a country while maintaining the right to return to this country. Senegalese migrants, for example, often travel to Libya via Niger, an ECOWAS member country, hoping to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Italy. ⇢ see also: Migration, Mobility References and further reading: Journal Officiel de la CEDEAO. 1979. Protocole sur la libre circulation, le droit de résidence et d’établissement, zone Cedeao. URL: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/39769/114931/F1913314371/O RG-39769.pdf. European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. 2016. “Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on a Union Code on the Rules Governing the Movement of Persons across Borders (Schengen Borders Code) (Codification).” In Official Journal of the European Union L77/11. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32016R0399. Category: D Work Package: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [AT / MM]

Term

Definition

Forced migration or displacement

The term forced migration – or forced displacement – refers to those who had to leave their place of usual residence under duress of war, conflict, natural or environmental disasters. For more details, see the entry on the term in the Migration Data Portal.

⇢ see also: Asylum; Asylum seeker, Migrant, Migration

References and further reading:

The International Organization for Migration. 2021. “Forced Migration or Displacement.” Migration Data Portal. URL: https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/forced-migration-or-displacement.

Work Package: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

[MM]

Freedom of movement

In international migration literature, freedom of movement refers to an individual’s right to freely leave (and return to) a country and enter another country under some kind of bilateral or multilateral agreement (as in the ECOWAS or the EU). According to Article 2(5) of the Schengen Borders Code, EU citizens and legally resident third-country nationals – i.e., nationals of a country which is not a member state of the EU (see the EMN Glossary; entry on “third country”) – enjoy the right to move freely across boundaries of European Member States and to reside in other EU Member States than their home country or country of legal residence (see also the EMN Glossary; entry on “right to free movement”). In the framework of the ECOWAS Protocol, freedom of movement refers to a person’s ability to move within a specific territory as he or she has the right to leave a country while maintaining the right to return to this country. Senegalese migrants, for example, often travel to Libya via Niger, an ECOWAS member country, hoping to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Italy.

⇢ see also: Migration, Mobility

References and further reading:

Journal Officiel de la CEDEAO. 1979. Protocole sur la libre circulation, le droit de résidence et d’établissement, zone Cedeao. URL: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/39769/114931/F1913314371/O RG-39769.pdf.

European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. 2016. “Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on a Union Code on the Rules Governing the Movement of Persons across Borders (Schengen Borders Code) (Codification).” In Official Journal of the European Union L77/11. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32016R0399.

Category: D

Work Package: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

[AT / MM]